Russia’s religious landscape is dominated by Orthodox Christianity, but the country is home to a diverse population with a variety of faiths and a significant number of people with no religious affiliation.

Based on recent polls and reports, the demographics are generally estimated as follows:

• Russian Orthodox Christianity: The largest religion, with a majority of the population identifying as Orthodox Christian. Estimates vary, but many sources place this number around 70-75% of the population. However, the number of actively practicing believers is much lower.
• Islam: The second-largest religion, with a significant minority of the population, particularly in the Volga region and the North Caucasus. Estimates range from 5% to over 10% of the population.
• No Religious Affiliation: A large portion of the population reports having no religious faith. This group, which includes atheists and people who are simply non-religious, is a major demographic, often representing 15-20% of the population.
• Other Religions: Smaller but notable populations of other faiths exist, including:
  • Buddhism (primarily in the republics of Buryatia, Tuva, and Kalmykia)
  • Protestantism
  • Judaism
  • Catholicism